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Understanding Hyperpigmentation: Causes, Risk Factors & Prevention Tips

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Hyperpigmentation, also known as pigmentation disorders, is a common issue where patches of skin become darker than the rest. This happens because the skin produces excess melanin, the pigment that gives your skin, hair, and eyes their natural colours.

Hyperpigmentation can vary in size, shape, and intensity, and it may appear on any part of the body, including the face, hands, arms, and other areas exposed to the sun. It can affect people of all skin types and ethnicities, although it may be more noticeable in people with lighter skin tones. Some of the common hyperpigmentation conditions include liver spots, freckles, melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

This article explores the causes of hyperpigmentation and equips you with prevention and management strategies for a more radiant complexion.

Causes and Risk Factors of Pigmentation

While pigmentation problems can affect anyone, various factors can contribute to an increase in melanin production. Some common risk factors include:

  • Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to an increase in the production of melanin, resulting in pigmented patches on the skin, such as dark spots, sun spots, or age spots.
  • Hormonal Fluctuations: Hormonal shifts in pregnancy, menopause, and birth control use can elevate oestrogen and progesterone. This can lead to melasma, causing skin pigmentation.
  • Genetics: Individuals with a family history of hyperpigmentation are more susceptible to developing pigmentation disorders.
  • Ageing: Age-related changes, such as skin thinning and reduced regenerative capacity, can contribute to uneven pigmentation over time.
  • Inflammation: Chronic inflammation, like that from acne or eczema, can cause skin discolouration due to excess melanin production from an inflammatory response.
  • Skin Tone: Individuals with a darker complexion are more prone to pigmentation changes, such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation scars.
  • Medications: Certain medications, including oral contraceptives, chemotherapy drugs, and hormonal medications – whether topical or oral – can contribute to hyperpigmentation.
  • Skin Products: The use of topical products such as retinoids for acne treatment can lead to skin irritation and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
  • Underlying Health Conditions: Addison’s disease, a rare disorder affecting the adrenal glands, can cause changes in hyperpigmentation in areas like skin folds, lips, elbows, knees, and toes.

Can Hyperpigmentation Be Prevented?

Although it can be challenging to prevent hyperpigmentation, various preventive measures can help reduce its occurrence and severity. These include:

  • Wearing Sunscreen: Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher. If you have oily skin, use a non-comedogenic formula.
  • Use Sun-Protective Accessories: Wear broad-brimmed hats, and use umbrellas and sunglasses when stepping under the sun to prevent sun damage.
  • Avoiding Prolonged Sun Exposure: Limit sun exposure, especially between 10 am and 4 pm, when the sun's rays are strongest.
  • Refraining from Picking at the Skin: Picking at the skin, especially after injuries or when blemishes, acne, or scabs are present, can lead to hyperpigmentation and scarring.
  • Considering Professional Treatments: A qualified dermatologist can offer several treatment options like laser therapy, chemical peels, or microdermabrasion.

By understanding the causes of hyperpigmentation and implementing preventive measures like sun protection and gentle skincare practices, you can take control of your complexion. With dedication to a personalised routine, you can achieve a more even and radiant skin tone. However, for stubborn pigmentation concerns, consulting a dermatologist can be beneficial.

LL Cheong Skin & Laser Clinic can help patients create a personalised skincare routine and pigmentation treatment suitable for their skin type. Our dermatologist, Dr Cheong Lai Leng, specialises in cosmetic dermatology and medical treatments for various skin conditions, including hyperpigmentation. With her expertise and knowledge, patients can manage their pigmentation issues effectively and maintain healthy, radiant skin. Schedule an appointment today.

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